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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


Does a defendant have a right to continue at a critical stage of his trial?


California, United States of America

Does the "best evidence” rule need to be adhered to in the record affidavit and cross-examination transcripts?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for admitting fresh evidence in a criminal case?


British Columbia, Canada

How has the forfeiture rule been interpreted in the context of a habeas petition?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion for a mistrial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a default judgment in a personal injury action brought by a defendant who has not appeared or defended in court?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for dischargeability of a non-dischargeable section of the Income Tax Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are some exceptions to the general rule of a court on judicial review not receiving evidence?


Nunavut, Canada

Does a failure to present to his local board any of the issues presented before the meeting preclude judicial review?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the evidence in the context of a motor vehicle accident?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the general costs rule apply in estate litigation?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a finding that a defendant has not accepted responsibility for their actions?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How have courts dealt with defense counsel's failure to object to a prosecutor's remarks?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law in the context of prosecution for harassment?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for admissible evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a court order that an earlier proceeding be stayed until the completion of the later proceeding is completed?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for disclosing financial information to a spouse?


Ontario, Canada

When a support order has been made requiring the respondent to attend a vocational examination, does the respondent have the right to receive a vocational report?


California, United States of America

How have the courts considered the issue of irreparable harm in an appeal?


Ontario, Canada

In what circumstances will the trial court order a gag order preventing counsel from speaking to third party witnesses?


California, United States of America

Is a child of the marriage for child support purposes?


Alberta, Canada

What is the current state of the law on the definition of impairment in a disability claim?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a bank rely on the advice of accountants rather than lawyers for legal advice?


Alberta, Canada

Is it appropriate to refer to the categorization as a mistaken guess?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the Court have jurisdiction to dismiss an appeal?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a third party claim against the insurer for bad faith conduct?


California, United States of America

Is there any basis for finding that the trial court abused its discretion when it awarded a father full physical and legal custody of the child?


California, United States of America

How to apply the third factor in a motor vehicle accident claim?


California, United States of America

What is the test for racial profiling in juries?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a bank have an obligation to a payee who has opened a bank account?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Does a removal of a trustee need to come in the same application?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a municipal council direct its planning staff to address matters of detail without requiring a further public hearing?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the presumption of innocence need to be assumed at trial?


MultiRegion, United States of America

In what circumstances will a plaintiff have to recover costs from a defendant in a separate motor vehicle accident?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the initial burden under the anti-SLAPP statute?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on the right of an applicant at a medical malpractice hearing to file new evidence at the hearing?


Alberta, Canada

What is the burden of proving undue influence on a will?


Ontario, Canada

What is the burden of proving an ouster?


California, United States of America

Does a driver have a presumption of negligence in a motor vehicle accident where, at the time of the collision, the driver was asleep at the wheel?


"New York", United States of America

Does the accusatory instrument need to allege that any individuals reacted in fear to defendant's display of a knife?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for strict liability?


Ontario, Canada

What is the testator’s consideration of the children of the Testator in his will for maintenance purposes?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the consequences of a contract that is unenforceable?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the test for equitable set-aside of a trustee's sale or wrongful foreclosure claim?


California, United States of America

What is the definition of a misdemeanor for driving while fleeing or attempting to elude a pursuing police officer?


California, United States of America

What is relevant evidence in a personal injury action?


California, United States of America

In a collision involving a rear end driver of a semi-trailer truck, is there any inference of negligence against the rear-end driver?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will a mother be able to give birth to a child by one parent?


Ontario, Canada

What is the state of the law on private helicopter use in public space?


Alberta, Canada

What is the common law definition of patent unreasonableness?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for discharging a jury that the material witness in the case was not sufficiently acquainted with the oath?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the test for a defendant who has pleaded guilty to a charge of obstructing the course of justice?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any case law in which a person who has been threatened with a demand that they comply with the threat?


British Columbia, Canada

Is it reasonable for an adjudicator to refuse to consider the validity of a demand under the Access to Benefits Act?


British Columbia, Canada

Does appellant waive the issue of instructional error on appeal because she did not object to the instruction in the trial court?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on civil liability for sexual assault by a police officer?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to vacate a conviction or sentence under section 1473.7?


California, United States of America

What is the test used to determine whether a driver has been driving under the influence of alcohol?


California, United States of America

What is the case law on privilege?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Is there any case law where the allegation of witness intimidation was not related to the charge of murder?


California, United States of America

What is the test for the hearsay exception for abuse of discretion?


California, United States of America

Does the Attorney General have the authority to order a substitute counsel?


California, United States of America

What are the implications of the Pierringer Order and the amended statement of claim?


Ontario, Canada

What violates the Eighth Amendment when an inmate is shot by a police officer?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the elements of a cause of action for negligence?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will the court deny a motion to view the crime scene?


California, United States of America

Does a bankruptcy court have the authority to award fees in an action barred by res judicata?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What duty does a prison official have to provide adequate shelter, food, clothing, sanitation, and personal safety for a prisoner?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for abuse of discretion in denying a motion for leave to amend?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining the value of a property that was damaged in a motor vehicle accident?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for a bailment?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for determining that a case may or may not be unusual for an abuse of discretion?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a defendant be found guilty of a general intent crime for failing to provide authority for his contention?


California, United States of America

Can damages be recoverable in respect of loss caused by impecuniosity?


New Brunswick, Canada

Is witness tampering a criminal offence in the context of a contempt statute?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the elements of mail fraud and how have the elements been defined?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can summary judgment be used in civil cases?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for a claim of prosecutorial misconduct?


California, United States of America

What is the proper cross-examination for a witness at a preliminary hearing?


California, United States of America

Does the Attorney General have a reasonable mistake about age on a medical malpractice charge?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a motor vehicle accident is responsible for present headaches?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the legal test for misrepresentation and concealment of material latent defects?


Saskatchewan, Canada

What is the standard of review for a motion under section 1016.5?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a police officer be denied an administrative hearing because he cannot establish sufficient foundation to qualify evidence at bar?


California, United States of America

What is the appropriate punishment for first degree murder under section 186.22, subdivision (b)(1)(C) of the California Penal Code?


California, United States of America

How have the courts interpreted the rule of common law in determining whether a person is entitled to sue under the California Family Law Act?


California, United States of America

What are the elements of the tort of misfeasance in public office?


New Brunswick, Canada

What is the test for a motion for a retrial in a case involving inadmissible evidence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a Summary Trial?


Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada

Can a stranger to the trust be held personally liable for breach of trust?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the fees a property owner may recover from a condemning agency pursuant to section 1250.410 of the California Code of Civil Procedure?


California, United States of America

Can an application to introduce fresh evidence to support an allegation of sexual assault be successful?


Ontario, Canada

What is the standard of conduct of an executor in a personal injury proceeding?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the implications of a plea of guilty in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What are the consequences of Erroneous Jury instructions?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a court reporter be ordered to produce transcripts for the use of the judge without charge?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reversing a grant of a new trial under the abuse of discretion standard?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a search warrant required to specify specific titles in the search warrant?


"New York", United States of America

What is the current state of the law on section 17(a) of the Securities Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether defendant intended to inflict great bodily injury when he assaulted his victim?


California, United States of America

How have courts interpreted consent to give in a search warrant case?


California, United States of America

When will a cross-examination be allowed in relation to an informer’s activities in unrelated police investigations?


Ontario, Canada

Can a witness be found privy with a party in a subsequent proceeding?


California, United States of America

Can an affidavit be struck as part of a settlement process?


Ontario, Canada

Is there any case law where a reasonably competent attorney advised a defendant to admit prior convictions that qualify as a strike?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an application to be brought as an action?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for stress in a professional relationship?


Canada (Federal), Canada

Under what circumstances must the trial court instruct the jury on the general principles of law?


California, United States of America

Does rheumatoid arthritis affect future earnings?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the burden of reasonable fear that a defendant must meet in a robbery case?


California, United States of America

How have the courts in BC dealt with costs?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of an interlocutory order for failure to co-operate with a Law Society investigation?


Ontario, Canada

How have courts dealt with the issue of inattentiveness of a juror?


California, United States of America

Is the absence of jury instructions on felony murder or natural and probable consequences murder dispositive?


California, United States of America

What is the test for ineffective assistance in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant in a personal injury action ask a court to allow his counsel to assist in the presentation of his case?


California, United States of America

Can a rational jury find the essential elements of robbery and conspiracy to commit robbery beyond a reasonable doubt?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant draw a gun on a robbery victim and tell the victim "I'll shoot" or "I will shoot" if the gun does not have a magazine?


California, United States of America

On a motion to dismiss, is the factual allegation of the complaint true?


MultiRegion, United States of America

When counsel withdraws from a motion, does the trial judge need to question counsel as to their reasons?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a juror's post-trial statements be used as evidence in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for standing in an action for breach of fiduciary duty?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any case law requiring damages to be calculated in accordance with actuarial principles?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for granting an adjournment of a civil trial?


Ontario, Canada

What is the standard of review for pure fact and pure law?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a single charge under section 654 of the California Penal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reducing a crime to a misdemeanor under section 17, subdivision (b) of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a claim of discretionary sentencing error in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

How does section 654 of the Criminal Code apply in determining whether to stay a sentence on an armed enhancement?


California, United States of America

What is the test for restitution as a condition of probation for a convicted rapist?


California, United States of America

Is there any bar to certification of a class action?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether the court has jurisdiction to review the issues (in part) raised by the Petitioners?


British Columbia, Canada

When will a jury overturn a conviction for sexual assault based on evidence at the preliminary hearing?


California, United States of America

Can a grievance be argued as a discrimination issue?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the current state of the law in this circuit when it comes to determining whether a treating or nonexamining physician's opinion is valid?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Does the Chase Agreement waive any waiver of participation in class and collective action lawsuits?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the evidentiary burden of proving a claim of discrimination?


Ontario, Canada

What is the current state of the law in the context of the Miranda Miranda Miranda warning?


California, United States of America

Does a city employee have a right to sue the city for unpaid balance of his salary?


California, United States of America

Does Section 654, subdivision (a) of the California Criminal Code allow a defendant to be convicted of a single physical act?


California, United States of America

Does the Sixth Amendment right to counsel attach at the time of detention?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a statement of opinion not a representation of fact?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a long-term sexual offender registration challenge be brought in a petition for writ of habeas corpus or writ of mandate?


California, United States of America

What are the expectations of the Catholic Children's Aid Society of Toronto?


Ontario, Canada

Does the penalty of loss of citizenship violate the Eighth Amendment?


California, United States of America

What is the test for manifest need to be met by a court?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a challenge to the sufficiency of evidence in a sexual assault case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a second offer to settle a claim for damages be considered as a result of the withdrawal of an initial offer?


British Columbia, Canada

How have the courts dealt with a claim for declaratory relief?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a decree nisi against a husband who has been found guilty of adultery?


Saskatchewan, Canada

In what circumstances will a plaintiff be able to sue a manufacturer for failing to properly inspect and repair a piece of furniture in order to determine the cause of an accident?


California, United States of America

Is a manufacturer liable for failing to warn of a defect in a product?


California, United States of America

Does a support point need to include legal analysis to be waived?


California, United States of America

Is conformity with common practice sufficient to exonerate a physician of negligence?


Ontario, Canada

What is the effect of section 8 of the Charter on the application of section 24(2) of the legislation?


Ontario, Canada

Does the fact that a government employee provides opportunities or facilities for the commission of a criminal offence defeat the prosecution?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a claim of joint responsibility for debt?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the role of an assessing officer in determining the necessity and propriety of a report?


British Columbia, Canada

What are the elements of a breach of fiduciary duty?


California, United States of America

What is the test for reliability of a statement?


British Columbia, Canada

Does Section 12022.53, subdivision (d) of the California Criminal Code apply to a defendant who intentionally discharges a firearm and proximately causes great bodily injury to the victim?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant have to have notice that he is being considered by a jury in a civil case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for cause in a death penalty case?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proving that a party has committed an act of sexual assault?


"New York", United States of America

How has the US Supreme Court interpreted the equal protection clause in voting rights?


California, United States of America

Does the part-time status of an attorney affect qualified immunity?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of the Court of Appeal's failure to give an instruction to the jury in an assault with a deadly weapon and by means of force likely to produce great bodily injury?


California, United States of America

What is the test to sustain a claim for lost housekeeping services?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is relevant evidence admissible under the abuse of discretion standard?


California, United States of America

What is the test for agency between a solicitor and a client?


Ontario, Canada

What is the impact of sexual assault on the victim's emotional and physical condition?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for admitting identification evidence in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the relation-back doctrine in motor vehicle accident law?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of a motion to withdraw a plea of no contest and a motion for substitution of counsel based on ineffective assistance of counsel?


California, United States of America

Is a subdivision by-law purporting to be concerned about the costs of development or about the collection of impost fees and charges?


British Columbia, Canada

Is there any case law in favour of establishing that Childers received a loan and job after the trial has ended?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the factors used to determine whether a defendant has served a writ?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a member of the House of Representatives has committed a criminal offence under the Criminal Code?


Alberta, Canada

Does a shareholder's contribution to a cooperative housing association constitute a contribution to the cooperative?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the scope of the immunity granted to a defendant in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Is a pro se litigant entitled to amend or amend the complaint?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What factors will be considered in determining whether Page 8 of a personal injury settlement should be approved?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a party demand the exchange of expert witness information by all parties?


California, United States of America

What is the test for admitting photographs of a murder victim's burned body?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of establishing an abuse of power when a party challenges a court's decision regarding a continuance request?


California, United States of America

What is the statute of limitations for a properly filed state habeas corpus petition?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for breath in a motor vehicle?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for equipment or treatment?


British Columbia, Canada

Can a lender get the consent of a guarantor to a restructuring of the debt at that time?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for multiple prosecution and multiple punishment in motor vehicle cases?


California, United States of America

What is the test for disposition by summary trial?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for reasonable doubt?


California, United States of America

Can a plaintiff bring multiple identical actions against the same defendant under the False Claims Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the range of damages awarded in common law cases?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the current state of the law on access to judicial records?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there any case law supporting a Fourth Amendment right to privacy in the context of aerial surveillance?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a jury consider a defendant's prior conviction of a misdemeanor rather than a felony?


California, United States of America

What is the standard for a jury to determine the sufficiency of evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a retroactive reduction in child support and rescission of arrears?


British Columbia, Canada

Can comments made by a colleague be relevant to a claim for wrongful dismissal?


MultiRegion, United States of America