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Alexi provides high-quality answers to complex legal questions in memo format for lawyers. Below you can see a collection of sample excerpts from just some of the thousands of research memos we produce.


What is the test for retroactive financial support on an interim motion?


Ontario, Canada

Can a change of mind occur during the penalty phase of a murder trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for bias against a judge in a civil case?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances would the wife be able to prove that she was not under duress or undue influence to enter into a marriage agreement?


Manitoba, Canada

How have courts interpreted the doctrine of concurrent intent in an attempted murder case?


California, United States of America

Can a plaintiff seek attorney's fees under section 1021 3 of the California Code of Civil Procedure for a breach of contract?


California, United States of America

Can a criminal conviction under the criminal code be considered a qualifying predicate in a sexual assault case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a section 654 claim?


California, United States of America

What are the damages for reduction in quality of life for an injured party?


Alberta, Canada

What is the standard of care required of a medical practitioner?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for establishing a right of access on a public street?


California, United States of America

What is the test used to determine whether a union has a valid claim?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether a prison official had the requisite knowledge of a substantial risk of harm?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How can a court interpret a contract where a party's subsequent conduct is interpreted?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for having jurisdiction to challenge a conviction and sentence for possession and illegal transfer of an unregistered machine gun?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for deference in awarding costs in a personal injury case?


Ontario, Canada

Is a restriction on the expression of a particular point of view a violation of the freedom of speech?


California, United States of America

Is a Husband permitted to keep his wife's jewellery, purses and other personal items that he purchased as gifts during her relationship?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the state of the law in this case?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for damages for loss of enjoyment of life and loss of amenities?


Manitoba, Canada

What is the test for ineffective assistance of counsel?


California, United States of America

What is the test for the crime of implied malice murder?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant have a constitutional right to present irrelevant evidence in the defence?


California, United States of America

What is the test for security for costs on appeal?


Nova Scotia, Canada

What is the respondent’s position on curial deference?


British Columbia, Canada

Is a person who aids and abetts the commission of a crime a principal in that crime?


California, United States of America

Are evidentiary rulings reviewed under an abuse of discretion standard of review?


California, United States of America

In a personal injury action, can a plaintiff oppose disclosure of documents in a settlement?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for admitting evidence of gang affiliation and activity to prove intent and motive in a murder case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a motion to vacate an order denying petitioner's habeas corpus petition?


California, United States of America

What is the current state of the law on tolling claims for post-conviction relief?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a defendant be impeached if he is convicted of a similar crime but not convicted of the same same crime?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an individual to be found guilty of a violation of section 1 of the Sherman Act?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of a search warrant for a probationer in violation of the terms of his probation?


California, United States of America

What is the test for obtaining a search warrant for a home and office?


California, United States of America

What is the scope of discovery for a defendant's affirmative defense of diminished capacity?


California, United States of America

What is the test for ineffective assistance in a civil case?


California, United States of America

Is bank robbery a Class C felony under section 3559(a)(3) of the Criminal Code and, if so, what is the maximum term of imprisonment for the crime?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for exclusion of relevant evidence in a domestic violence case?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of a probation condition requiring a defendant to submit his computers and electronic devices to warrantless searches?


California, United States of America

What is the test for denying a motion for a mistrial for a defendant who made a reference to fruit on the witness list?


California, United States of America

Does a mandatory and warrantless collection of DNA samples from adult felony arrestees for DNA testing and analysis violate the Fourth Amendment to the federal Constitution?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a plaintiff to recover damages from a motor vehicle accident?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a finding of partiality support a finding that a judge's failure to permit the introduction of evidence of duress?


MultiRegion, United States of America

How has the law society of BC dealt with the issue of non-reporting of judgments?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the relevant case law on sexual assault under section 288 of the California Child Protection Act?


California, United States of America

Can a claim of conscientious objection be used as a defense in a prosecution for refusing to submit to induction?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What factors will be considered in determining who should be custodial of the children?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a notice of appeal need to be filed immediately after the rendition of judgment has been entered?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a warrant to obtain a search warrant?


California, United States of America

What is considered a "structural defect" in a criminal trial?


California, United States of America

What is the test for recusal from a hearing?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for an intention to confer a benefit under section 15(1) of the Corporations Act?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is a criminal homicide and what is a manslaughter?


California, United States of America

Is a jury wrong to award damages for failure to warn?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of the trial court's failure to instruct the jury on the lesser included offense of nonforcible oral copulation of a minor?


California, United States of America

What is the standard of discovery in a personal injury action?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a declarant who has admitted to murder claim that he acted alone?


California, United States of America

Can Commissioner Pfau sit as a temporary judge?


California, United States of America

Is a conviction for assault with a deadly weapon a serious felony within the meaning of the Three Strikes law?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a finding of admissibility of evidence of a prior uncharged crime?


California, United States of America

What sanctions can a judge impose against an attorney's conduct?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a defendant required to attend an evidentiary hearing?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What constitutes a "frivolous" complaint?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the consequences of taking unnecessary precautions to prevent accidents?


Saskatchewan, Canada

When will the court allow a defendant's blood alcohol level to be considered relevant in determining whether he had the intent to evade a pursuing police officer?


California, United States of America

What is the definition of a reasonable doubt?


California, United States of America

Does the death penalty violate the state constitutional prohibition against cruel or unusual punishment?


California, United States of America

What are the implications of a finding that a defendant in a criminal case is incompetent and therefore cannot be tried or adjudged to punishment?


California, United States of America

What are the pre-conditions to cross-examine?


British Columbia, Canada

In what circumstances will a court allow an amendment to a pleading?


Saskatchewan, Canada

Can a respondent respond to an application with a sur-reply responding to new issues raised in reply?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the standard of review for appeal from a master’s order?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the burden of entrapment in sentencing?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is a plaintiff entitled to compensation for injuries sustained by an employee as a result of an electrical shock?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a motion to suppress a search warrant be denied?


"New York", United States of America

Can a defendant appeal against a finding that the judgment against him in the Superior Court of Appeal against him was unlawful, unlawful, unjustified, and unjustified?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of section 654 of the California Criminal Code on a defendant's sentencing for kidnapping and rape?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a parent to proceed in a child protection proceeding?


Ontario, Canada

Can a sentencing court enhance the sentence of a defendant convicted of a drug offence under section 841(a) on the basis of a prior felony drug conviction?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for dismissing a claim against the Warmans?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the effect of ineffective assistance on the ineffective assistance claim?


California, United States of America

What is the test for obtaining a medical malpractice certificate?


British Columbia, Canada

How have courts dealt with a claim of non-compliance with a tax assessment?


California, United States of America

What is the test for being a felon in possession of a firearm?


California, United States of America

How have courts treated police volunteer rescuers in cases involving mistaken identity?


California, United States of America

Can an officer of a bankrupt corporation seek an injunction against the bankrupt?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a motion for a mistrial?


California, United States of America

Can a unilateral transfer (or transfer that is not for value) generate trust?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for assessing a child’s best interests rather than that of the parents?


Ontario, Canada

What language does the Attorney General have with respect to a written probation order for a minor with a history of violence?


California, United States of America

What is the quantum of damages for loss of earning capacity?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for an admission under the hearsay rule?


California, United States of America

What is the test to prove causation in a negligence action?


Ontario, Canada

What is the current state of the law on the authority of a trial court to exclude or admit relevant evidence under section 352 of the Evidence Code?


California, United States of America

Does a defendant have a constitutional right to introduce evidence and present a defense at trial?


"New York", United States of America

What is the test for causing nuisance in a tort action?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the current state of the law around sealing documents?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is there a constitutional requirement for confrontation and cross-examination of an adverse witness at a prison disciplinary hearing?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for standing in a civil action brought by a plaintiff who alleges he was injured in a motor vehicle accident?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for imposing a restitution fine under the ex post facto clause?


California, United States of America

How have courts dealt with the appeal of a motion of appeal against a finding of not guilty?


California, United States of America

Is a dog that is tied up in the box of a pickup truck a vehicle?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the impact of conflicts of interest on due process in medical malpractice cases?


California, United States of America

What is the range of punishment available to a defendant under section 654 of the California Criminal Code?


California, United States of America

Does an employee's trust need to be subordinated?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What are the implications of the Court of Appeal's ruling on the admissibility of evidence for abuse of discretion?


California, United States of America

How have courts treated sanctions awarded under Code of Civil Procedure section 128.5?


California, United States of America

Is a local government entity liable for civil rights violations if it has a policy of inaction?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for determining whether an employee has been found guilty of misconduct?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for setting aside a decision by an arbitrator in a personal injury case?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for review of a denial of a new trial based on a claim of incorrect jury instruction?


California, United States of America

Can a prosecutor be found guilty of misconduct when he intentionally asks questions that are inadmissible?


California, United States of America

Is aggravated assault with recklessness mens rea a crime of violence?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test to overcome a state procedural bar on a habeas petition?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for obtaining a search warrant for electronic devices in a child pornography case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for invoking section 1202b of the California Criminal Code to mitigate a sentence of life without parole for an otherwise qualified defendant?


California, United States of America

Can an attorney be denied permission to appear pro hac vice?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a jury acquit a defendant of conspiracy to commit murder after the agreement was made?


California, United States of America

Does a plaintiff have to resort to physical violence in protest against the treatment of him by the police?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the effect of fraud on a contract?


Ontario, Canada

Does a court shift the burden of proof in instruction to the jury on recent, unexplained and exclusive possession of stolen property?


"New York", United States of America

What is the current state of the law on the forfeiture of a defendant's bail?


California, United States of America

What is the test for assessing loss of capacity under the capital asset approach?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the burden on a creditor to prove that a claim is dischargeable?


federal, United States of America

What is the test for the defense of involuntary intoxication to unconsciousness?


California, United States of America

What is the test for making a prima facie showing that communications were in furtherance of a crime de novo or for abuse of power?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Is the compilation of a personnel file worthy of being Sedulously fostered?


Alberta, Canada

What is the test for a motion to extend time to serve and file a jury notice under Rule 47.01?


Ontario, Canada

What are the principles of undue influence in real estate law?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the going and coming rule apply in this case?


California, United States of America

Is a charge of assault a felony or a misdemeanor?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a defendant to be convicted of committing two separate crimes at the same time?


California, United States of America

Can a guarantor contract out of their right to have the security realized for their benefit?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for using a prior felony conviction as evidence in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for uniqueness of damages in a personal injury case?


Saskatchewan, Canada

In what circumstances will a court grant a search warrant for a quantity of cocaine, even though the police never spotted the drug in the box?


MultiRegion, United States of America

If a delay of an hour or more would have affected the results of a blood draw by the police?


California, United States of America

Is there any case law where a police officer's testimony is not required to be struck off because of the existence of a gangland environment?


California, United States of America

Is possession of property stolen sufficient to sustain a conviction of burglary?


California, United States of America

Can a claim for psychological injury be assessed on an aggregate basis?


Ontario, Canada

How have courts treated discovery in a death penalty case?


California, United States of America

Does deference need to be shown to decisions of a specialized administrative tribunal?


Manitoba, Canada

Can a charge of possession of a small amount of cannabis be brought as a felony or a misdemeanor?


California, United States of America

In what circumstances will a court admit or deny testimony from a police officer that a defendant's shaking his head from side to side means that he had been asked if he had any more narcotics?


California, United States of America

What is the legal test for liability under the "natural and probable consequences" doctrine?


California, United States of America

Does a search warrant that resulted in the seizure of illegal drugs with intent to pervert the course of justice?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test to be applied in determining negligent misrepresentation?


British Columbia, Canada

How have courts interpreted the principle of waiver in a personal injury case?


Ontario, Canada

Can a police officer stop and detain a motorist for questioning under probable cause for arrest?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a stay of appeal?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a claim in a personal injury action against a former partner is a common law claim?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for admitting evidence in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

Can a defendant's electronic devices be searched without a warrant?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of just cause for a plaintiff to terminate a defendant employee?


British Columbia, Canada

Does a joint trial deprive defendants of due process of law under the federal Constitution?


California, United States of America

What is the burden of proving that a party to a will has a valid testamentary capacity?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining whether a defendant has a prior conviction for a sexual assault?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of Proposition 47 on a motion for writ of habeas corpus?


California, United States of America

What is the test for the use of facial recognition technology at a jury trial?


Ontario, Canada

In what circumstances will arguments of argument on a summary judgment motion only be made where there is a strong prima facie foundation in the record?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test to establish a Charter violation?


British Columbia, Canada

Does the trial court erred in instructing the jury that S. was a witness with developmental disability?


California, United States of America

How has the principle of comity been interpreted in the context of multi-jurisdictional torts?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for dismissing a motion for time barred?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for “grossly unfair” in a maintenance application?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for determining whether there is purposeful discrimination against a juror?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a breach of privacy under the BC Privacy Act?


British Columbia, Canada

When a spouse's assets are not family assets, is one of the spouses entitled to an equal division of assets?


British Columbia, Canada

What is sufficient evidence to convict a defendant of the lesser included charge of voluntary manslaughter?


California, United States of America

Can a juror be removed from a jury if they fail to follow their instructions?


California, United States of America

How does the court review a denial of a motion for a new trial for abuse of abuse of review?


California, United States of America

What is the difference in burden of proof between a defendant convicted of assault at trial and a plaintiff in a personal injury action?


"New York", United States of America

What is the standard of care required for an expert to be considered in a negligence action?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the standard for review of mixed fact and law?


Canada (Federal), Canada

What is the test for driving under the influence of methamphetamine?


California, United States of America

What is the test for good cause in a motion for disclosure of a juror's personal information?


California, United States of America

What is the test for an anti-SLAPP motion?


California, United States of America

Is a trial judge entitled to attorney fees for the purposes of determining setoff?


California, United States of America

Is an executor entitled to indemnity for costs and expenses incurred by the executor in the course of the administration of the estate?


Manitoba, Canada

How will the courts review a trial court's decision to exclude evidence for abuse of abuse of power?


California, United States of America

What is the test for deprivations in medical care?


MultiRegion, United States of America

Can a defendant plead not guilty to an uncharged charge that is not necessarily included in the alleged crime?


California, United States of America

What is the effect of prolonged isolation in prison on a defendant's right to counsel?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for Merit claims for breach of fiduciary duty?


Ontario, Canada

Is a fine for gross misconduct sufficient to deter future misconduct?


Ontario, Canada

What is the test for misconduct in awarding uplift costs?


British Columbia, Canada

What is the test for a charge of assault under the California Penal Code?


California, United States of America

What is the test for a claim-of-right defense in a personal injury case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for damages for breach of contract for the purchase and sale of real estate?


New Brunswick, Canada

What is the test for ineffective counsel in criminal cases?


California, United States of America

What is the test for sufficiency of evidence in a sexual assault case?


California, United States of America

What is the de minimis effect of a brief improper but nonprejudicial comment by a prosecutor in a criminal case?


California, United States of America

What is the test for determining jurisdiction in a personal injury action brought by an out-of-state defendant?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for a plaintiff to make a claim de novo?


California, United States of America

Can consent be obtained for a search without consent?


Ontario, Canada

What is the threshold for a variation of a custody or access order?


British Columbia, Canada

Does in forma pauperis need to be revoked if the appeal is frivolous?


MultiRegion, United States of America

What is the test for using force or fear in the crime of robbery?


California, United States of America

What is the scope of a criminal defendant's due process rights at a hearing to determine the amount of restitution?


California, United States of America