The following excerpt is from Alford v. Huffman, 996 F.2d 1223 (9th Cir. 1993):
The district court rejected the majority of the claims presented in Alford's habeas petition on the ground that they had not been raised on direct appeal and were therefore procedurally barred. To overcome a state procedural bar, petitioner must establish cause and prejudice. Wainwright v. Sykes, 433 U.S. 72 (1977). He has established neither.
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