With respect to whether the proposed amendments are frivolous or vexatious, the case law put before me does not address the requirements for finding a pleading to be frivolous or vexatious. Nevertheless, the law on those points is settled. For a pleading to be frivolous, it must lack a legal basis or legal merit, or must refer to something that is not serious or not reasonably purposeful. To be vexatious, the pleading must be instituted without reasonable grounds, such as being instituted maliciously and without good cause: Thelwell v. Elaschuk, 2020 ONSC 340 at para. 60.
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