California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Rude, 2d Crim. No. B255269 (Cal. App. 2015):
In reviewing the trial court's ruling on a suppression motion, we defer to the court's factual express and implied findings that are supported by substantial evidence. (People v. Suff, supra, 58 Cal.4th 1013, 1053 To determine whether the search or seizure is reasonable pursuant to the Fourth Amendment, we exercise our independent judgment. (Ibid.)
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