California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Greenspan, D065585 (Cal. App. 2015):
When reviewing the denial of a suppression motion on appeal, we defer to the trial court's express and implied findings if they are supported by substantial evidence, and, on the facts so found, exercise our independent judgment in determining the constitutionality of the search or seizure. (People v. Tully (2012) 54 Cal.4th 952, 979.)
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