California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Rabaduex, 112 Cal.App.4th 1611, 6 Cal.Rptr.3d 483 (Cal. App. 2003):
In reviewing a trial court's ruling on a motion to suppress, we defer to the trial court's findings of fact, both express and implied, if supported by substantial evidence. However, we independently apply the pertinent legal principles to those facts to determine as a matter of law whether there has been an unreasonable search or seizure. (People v. Miranda (1993) 17 Cal.App.4th 917, 922, 21 Cal.Rptr.2d 785.)
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