California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Allison, E064502 (Cal. App. 2017):
When a defendant challenges the denial of a motion to suppress, we review the trial court's findings as to the circumstances surrounding the confession for substantial evidence, and we independently review the court's finding as to the voluntariness of the confession. (People v. Massie, supra, 19 Cal.4th at p. 576.)
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