The following excerpt is from Young v. New York City Transit Authority, 903 F.2d 146 (2nd Cir. 1990):
First, we are doubtful that plaintiffs have alleged an actual "case or controversy," as required by Article III of the United States Constitution. See City of Los Angeles v. Lyons, 461 U.S. 95, 101, 103 S.Ct. 1660, 1664, 75 L.Ed.2d 675 (1983); Babbitt v. United Farm Workers Nat. Union, 442 U.S. 289, 297-98, 99 S.Ct. 2301, 2308-09, 60 L.Ed.2d 895 (1979). To satisfy this constitutionally-mandated jurisdictional requirement,
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