What is the test for Article III of the Constitution allowing the federal courts to adjudicate "controversies and cases" rather than actual cases?

MultiRegion, United States of America

The following excerpt is from McGrath v. Home Depot USA, Inc., CASE NO. 14cv0071-GPC-JMA (S.D. Cal. 2014):

"Article III of the Constitution confines the federal courts to adjudicating actual 'cases' and 'controversies.' " Allen v. Wright, 468 U.S. 737, 750 (1984). At an "irreducible minimum," Article III requires

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