What is the test for determining the reliability of information provided by a confidential informant?

With regard to the reliability of the information provided by Szuba, the district court erred in discounting that information on the ground that Szuba did not have a history of reliability as a confidential informant. In United States v. Gagnon, we found that probable cause existed to search the defendant's vehicle and thus reversed this same district judge's order suppressing currency seized during the search. 373 F.3d at 240. In doing so, we clearly articulated the legal principles used to evaluate information provided by informants:

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Gagnon, 373 F.3d at 236 (alternations in original) (citations, internal quotation marks, and ellipses omitted).

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