California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Gonzalez, G052076 (Cal. App. 2017):
The substantive gang crime applies to "[a]ny person who actively participates in any criminal street gang with knowledge that its members engage in or have engaged in a pattern of criminal gang activity, and who willfully promotes, furthers, or assists in any felonious criminal conduct by members of that gang . . . ." ( 186.22, subd. (a).) The statute targets "gang members who acted in concert with other gang members in committing a felony regardless of whether such felony was gang related." (People v. Rodriguez (2012) 55 Cal.4th 1125, 1138.)
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