Does Section 186.22 of the California Criminal Code punish a person who actively participates in any criminal street gang with knowledge that its members engage in or have engaged in criminal gang activity?

California, United States of America


The following excerpt is from People v. Russell, F063101 (Cal. App. 2013):

Section 186.22 contains a substantive offense which punishes "[a]ny person who actively participates in any criminal street gang with knowledge that its members engage in or have engaged in a pattern of criminal gang activity, and who willfully promotes, furthers, or assists in any felonious criminal conduct by members of that gang ...." ( 186.22, subd. (a).) The elements of the offense are: "First, active participation in a criminal street gang, in the sense of participation that is more than nominal or passive; second, knowledge that the gang's members engage in or have engaged in a pattern of criminal gang activity; and third, the willful promotion, furtherance, or assistance in any

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felonious criminal conduct by members of that gang." (People v. Rodriguez (2012) 55 Cal.4th 1125, 1130 (Rodriguez).)

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