What is the standard of review on both the substantial and substantial evidence and the substantial evidence test?

The standard of review on both issues is the substantial evidence test: whether, when the evidence is viewed in the light most favorable to the government, a reasonable jury could find the defendants guilty beyond a reasonable doubt of each essential element of the crime charged. ¹ Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307, 99 S.Ct. 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560 (1979); United States v. Kenny, 645 F.2d 1323, 1335 (9th Cir.1981); United States v. Jacobo-Gil, 474 F.2d 1213, 1214 (9th Cir.1973).