California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Johnson, E066239 (Cal. App. 2018):
We apply the independent or de novo standard of review in determining whether jury instructions correctly state the law. (People v. Posey (2004) 32 Cal.4th 193, 218.) To begin with, the court's clarifying instruction that "purpose means plan and/or intent" was correct, and did not improperly inject the element of "plan" into the jury's
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