California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Ekelem v. Nwajei, F072414 (Cal. App. 2017):
The appellate review of trial court rulings on the admissibility of evidence is reviewed under the abuse of discretion standard of review. (Pannu v. Land Rover North America, Inc. (2011) 191 Cal.App.4th 1298, 1317.)
A lower court judgment is presumed correct and all presumptions are indulged to support it on matters where the record is silent. Error must be affirmatively shown by the appellant. (Denham v. Superior Court (1970) 2 Cal.3d 557, 564.)
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