The following excerpt is from Baker v. Pataki, 85 F.3d 919 (2nd Cir. 1996):
6 Discriminatory vote denial occurs, as the term denotes, when the franchise is denied on account of race. Discriminatory vote dilution occurs when a voting practice diminishes "the force of minority votes that were duly cast and counted." Holder v. Hall, --- U.S. ----, ----, 114 S.Ct. 2581, 2593, 129 L.Ed.2d 687 (1994) (Thomas, J., concurring in the judgment).
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