California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Guerrero, D069072 (Cal. App. 2016):
than nominal or passive; second, knowledge that the gang's members engage in or have engaged in a pattern of criminal gang activity; and third, the willful promotion, furtherance, or assistance in any felonious criminal conduct by members of that gang. [Citation.] A person who is not a member of a gang, but who actively participates in the gang, can be guilty of violating section 186.22[, subdivision] (a)." (People v. Rodriguez (2012) 55 Cal.4th 1125, 1130.) We review Dimas's conviction for substantial evidence. (People v. Rios (2013) 222 Cal.App.4th 542, 559.)
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