California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Fanger v. Lopez, A151302 (Cal. App. 2018):
It is fundamental that "in the absence of evidence to the contrary, ' "[a] judgment or order of the lower court is presumed correct. All intendments and presumptions are indulged to support it on matters as to which the record is silent, and error must be affirmatively shown. This is not only a general principle of appellate practice but an ingredient of the constitutional doctrine of reversible error." ' " (Natkin v. California Unemployment Ins. Appeals Bd. (2013) 219 Cal.App.4th 997, 1013, italics omitted.)
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