California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Luyen, LLC v. Pham, H041609 (Cal. App. 2016):
In conducting our appellate review, we presume that a judgment or order of a lower court is correct. The general rule is that "[a]ll intendments and presumptions are indulged to support [the judgment] on matters as to which the record is silent, and error must be affirmatively shown." (Denham v. Superior Court (1970) 2 Cal.3d 557, 564; In re Marriage of Arceneaux (1990) 51 Cal.3d 1130, 1133 (Arceneaux).)
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