What is the test for determining whether a defendant was a substantial factor in causing an injury?

But whether a defendant's conduct was a substantial factor is only one aspect of causation. "The other is legal or proximate cause." (Lombardo v. Huysentruyt (2001) 91 Cal.App.4th 656, 665-666.) "'"The doctrine of proximate cause limits liability; i.e., in certain situations where the defendant's conduct is an actual cause of the

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harm, he will nevertheless be absolved because of the manner in which the injury occurred.'" (Ibid.)