The following excerpt is from Stine v. Fed. Bureau of Prisons, CASE NO. 1:13-cv-01883-MJS (E.D. Cal. 2013):
Plaintiff must establish legal liability of each person or entity for the claimed violation of his rights. Liability may be imposed on an individual defendant if the plaintiff can show that the defendant proximately caused the deprivation of a federally protected right. See Leer v. Murphy, 844 F.2d 628, 634 (9th Cir. 1988). A person deprives another of a constitutional right if he does an affirmative act, participates in another's
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