The following excerpt is from Singleton v. Kernan, Case No. 16-cv-02462-BAS-NLS (S.D. Cal. 2018):
to lead to a violation of constitutional rights that the prison officials were on actual or constructive notice that the risk was substantially certain to result in a constitutional violation. Castro v. Cty. of Los Angeles, 833 F.3d 1060, 1076 (9th Cir. 2016).
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