What is the test for determining a substantive sentence for a convicted rapist?

"A sentencing judge has very wide latitude to decide the proper degree of punishment for an individual offender and a particular crime," United States v. Cavera, 550 F.3d at 188, and we will "set aside a district court's substantive determination only in exceptional cases where the trial court's decision cannot be located within the range of permissible decisions," id. at 189 (emphasis and internal quotation marks omitted); see United States v. Jones, 531 F.3d 163, 174 (2d Cir. 2008) (recognizing that broad range of sentences can be deemed substantively reasonable). This is not such a case.