California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Williams, F075119 (Cal. App. 2018):
"Despite the relaxed rules of evidence governing probation revocation proceedings, a court is not permitted ' "to admit unsubstantiated or unreliable evidence as substantive evidence ...." ' [Citation.] [] As long as hearsay testimony bears a substantial degree of trustworthiness it may legitimately be used at a probation revocation proceeding. [Citations.] In general, the court will find hearsay evidence trustworthy when there are sufficient 'indicia of reliability.' [Citation.] Such a determination rests within the discretion of the trial court and will not be disturbed on appeal absent an abuse of discretion." (People v. Brown (1989) 215 Cal.App.3d 452, 454-455.)3
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