What is the test for a plaintiff to prove that their actions were protected by the courts?

MultiRegion, United States of America

The following excerpt is from Quiroga v. King, Case No. 1:15-cv-01697-AWI-MJS (PC) (E.D. Cal. 2016):

The second element focuses on causation and motive. See Brodheim v. Cry, 584 F.3d 1262, 1271 (9th Cir. 2009). A plaintiff must show that his protected conduct was a

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