What is the test for a permit to be issued by the US Environmental Protection Agency?

No permit may be issued when "the imposition of conditions cannot ensure compliance with the applicable water quality requirements of all affected States." Id. 122.4(d). Thus, permits must establish limits on discharges that will lead to compliance with water quality standards. See Trs. for Alaska v. EPA, 749 F.2d 549, 55657 (9th Cir.1984) (holding that permit must translate state water quality standards into end-of-pipe effluent limitations necessary to achieve those standards).