What is the test for a claim for denial of access to the courts by an inmate?

Claims for denial of access to the courts may arise from the frustration or hindrance of "a litigating opportunity yet to be gained" (forward-looking access claim) or from the loss of a meritorious suit that cannot now be tried (backward-looking claim). Christopher v. Harbury, 536 U.S. 403, 412-15 (2002). In order to allege a violation of the right to access the courts, an inmate must demonstrate that he suffered an actual injury by pleading facts showing "actual prejudice

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