What is the relevant test for using excessive physical force in violation of the Eighth Amendment?

In order to determine whether prison officials used excessive physical force in violation of the Eighth Amendment, the relevant inquiry is "whether force was applied in a good-faith effort to maintain or restore discipline, or maliciously and sadistically for the very purpose of causing harm." See Hudson v. McMillian, 503 U.S. 1, 6 (1992) (internal citation omitted). To determine if the use of force was wanton and unnecessary, we must examine the necessity of the force, the relationship between the necessity and amount of force used, the threat reasonable perceived by the responsible officials, and any efforts made to temper the severity of the forceful response. See id. at 7.