What is the relevant legal test for alleging that a prison officer violated an inmate's Eighth Amendment rights by using excessive physical force?

When an inmate claims that prison officials violated his Eighth Amendment rights by using excessive physical force, the relevant inquiry is whether force was applied in a good-faith effort to maintain or restore discipline, or maliciously and sadistically to cause harm. Hudson v. McMillian, 112 S.Ct. 995, 999 (1992). Factors to be considered by the district court include the extent of the injury suffered by the inmate, the need for applying force, the relationship between the need to use force and the amount of force used, the threat perceived by prison officials, and any effort made to temper the severity of the forceful response. Id.