California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Davis, F076884 (Cal. App. 2020):
crimes of the July 2016 robbery; and false imprisonment15 was alleged as the nontarget crime of the May 2016 robbery. Under the natural and probable consequences doctrine, an aider and abettor is guilty not only of the intended target (here robbery) offense, but also of any other offense that was a "'natural and probable consequence'" of the crime aided and abetted. (People v. Prettyman (1996) 14 Cal.4th 248, 260.) "The inquiry does not depend on whether the aider and abettor actually foresaw the nontarget offense," but rather on whether that outcome was objectively likely or foreseeable. (People v. Chiu (2014) 59 Cal.4th 155, 161-162 (Chiu).)
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