The following excerpt is from Duvall v. County of Kitsap, 260 F.3d 1124 (9th Cir. 2001):
(1) the precise act is a normal judicial function; (2) the events occurred in the judge's chambers; (3) the controversy centered around a case then pending before the judge; and (4) the events at issue arose directly and immediately out of a confrontation with the judge in his or her official capacity.
Meek v. County of Riverside, 183 F.3d 962, 967 (9th Cir. 1999).
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