California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Ramirez, D067088 (Cal. App. 2016):
We also conclude there is substantial evidence in the record to show defendant had the "specific intent to promote, further, or assist in any criminal conduct by gang members" for purposes of subdivision (b)(1) of section 186.22. "There is rarely direct evidence that a crime was committed for the benefit of a gang. For this reason, 'we routinely draw inferences about intent from the predictable results of action. We cannot look into people's minds directly to see their purposes. We can discover mental state only from how people act and what they say.' " (People v. Miranda (2011) 192 Cal.App.4th 398, 411-412.)
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