California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from In re Ryan, A140197 (Cal. App. 2016):
Malice is born of knowledge, and malice is inferable "when a party continues to prosecute an action after becoming aware that the action lacks probable cause." (Daniels v. Robbins (2010) 182 Cal.App.4th 204, 226, italics omitted; see also Soukup, supra, 39 Cal.4th at p. 292; Cole, supra, 206 Cal.App.4th at p. 1114.)
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