The following excerpt is from Payne v. Walker, 2:07-cv-1710 (MDS) (E.D. Cal. 2011):
"Federal habeas review of a claim is barred in all cases where a state prisoner has defaulted his federal claim in state court pursuant to an adequate and independent state procedural rule." Vansickel v. White, 166 F.3d 953, 957 (9th Cir. 1999). "[A] procedural default does not bar consideration of a federal claim on either direct or habeas review unless the last state court rendering a judgment in the case 'clearly and expressly' states that its judgment rests on a
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