The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Montgomery, 150 F.3d 983 (9th Cir. 1998):
The language used in Instruction 17 contains an accurate restatement of this circuit's controlling precedent. See United States v. Arbelaez, 719 F.2d 1453, 1458 (9th Cir.1983). In Arbelaez, we acknowledged that once the government proves the existence of a conspiracy, "evidence of only a slight connection is necessary to convict a defendant of knowing participation in it." Id. (citation and internal quotation marks omitted). Instruction 17 reads in pertinent part:
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