How have the courts interpreted the Fourth Amendment in the context of a search and seizure during a traffic stop?
MultiRegion, United States of America
The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Hawkins, 980 F.2d 739 (9th Cir. 1992):
Hawkins first argues that she was seized by Gillespie before he placed her under arrest, thus invoking the protections of the Fourth Amendment. She contends that Gillespie seized her and conducted an investigatory stop that was not predicated on a founded suspicion, measured under the totality of the circumstances, that she was engaged in criminal activity. See United States v. Mondello, 927 F.2d 1463, 1470 (9th Cir.1991).
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