The following excerpt is from Int'l Longshore & Warehouse Union v. ICTSI Or., Inc., 863 F.3d 1178 (9th Cir. 2017):
9 The statutory labor exemption applies only where unions act unilaterally; therefore, it does not shield collective bargaining agreements from antitrust scrutiny. See United States v. Hutcheson, 312 U.S. 219, 23132, 61 S.Ct. 463, 85 L.Ed. 788 (1941).
10 See supra note 8.
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