California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from People v. Charles, B250051 (Cal. App. 2015):
Because the prosecutor's misconduct violated defendant's federal constitutional rights, we assess its effect under the standard of Chapman v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 18, 24. The Attorney General thus has the burden of proving beyond a reasonable doubt that the error did not contribute to the verdict. (People v. Bell (1989) 49 Cal.3d 502, 534.)
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