The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Keiser, 57 F.3d 847 (9th Cir. 1995):
15 But see Boles, 339 N.W.2d at 252 ("[U]nless the defendant could show that he knew of that incident or that it was directly connected with the homicide, the evidence should be excluded."); Latham, 519 N.W.2d at 71 ("[O]nly specific instances of conduct known to [the defendant] at the time of the incident in question were relevant."); State v. Woodson, 181 W.Va. 325, 382 S.E.2d 519, 524 n. 5 (1989) ("We expressly overrule any suggestion ... that Rule 405(b) ... permits the defendant to introduce specific acts of violence by the victim against third parties even though he has no knowledge of them at the time he claimed to have acted in self-defense.").
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