California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Long Beach City Employees Assn. v. City of Long Beach, 227 Cal.Rptr. 90, 41 Cal.3d 937, 719 P.2d 660 (Cal. 1986):
2 Although some California courts have held that polygraph examinations are useful aids in internal investigations (see, e.g., Fichera v. State Personnel Board (1963) 217 Cal.App.2d 613, 32 Cal.Rptr. 159), none of these cases involved a challenge on the basis of a violation of the constitutional right of privacy.
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