The following excerpt is from Arias v. Amador, 61 F.Supp.3d 960 (E.D. Cal. 2014):
Pursuant to a long line of civil cases, police officers have a duty to intercede when their fellow officers violate the constitutional rights of a suspect or other citizen. United States v. Koon, 34 F.3d 1416, 1447 (9th Cir.1994), rev'd on other grounds, 518 U.S. 81, 116 S.Ct. 2035, 135 L.Ed.2d 392 (1996) ; Cunningham v. Gates, 229 F.3d 1271, 1289 (9th Cir.2000).
[61 F.Supp.3d 980]
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