Can a defendant raise claims on appeal which he failed to raise before the court?

We reiterated in Flores-Payon that, absent certain exceptions, a defendant cannot raise claims on appeal which he failed to raise before the district court. Specifically in that case, the defendant attempted to argue that the district court sentenced him in excess of the sentence specified in his plea agreement, and that the prosecutor engaged in misconduct by recommending a sentence beyond the sentence in the plea agreement. Flores-Payon, 942 F.2d at 558. See also United States v. Edwards, 800 F.2d 878, 884 (9th Cir.1986) (defendant waived appeal of claim that he had an "implied plea bargain right" to be sentenced by same judge who accepted his plea, by failing to raise the issue before the district court).