California, United States of America
The following excerpt is from Conservatorship of the Pers. v. K.P., 251 Cal.Rptr.3d 769, 39 Cal.App.5th 254 (Cal. App. 2019):
8 The requirement in criminal cases that constitutional error be found harmless beyond a reasonable doubt was set forth in Chapman v. California (1967) 386 U.S. 18, 24, 87 S.Ct. 824, 17 L.Ed.2d 705 ["before a ... constitutional error can be held harmless, the court must be able to declare a belief that it was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt"].)
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