Is supervised access a long-term solution to high conflict custody and access problems?

[54] In Miller v. McMaster, 2005 CarswellNS 420 (N.S. S.C.), the court held that "supervised access is not a long-term solution to access problems which usually arise in high conflict custody and access cases where distrust and negative parental allegations abound.” At paragraph 11 of that decision, the court held that supervised access is appropriate in specific situations, some of which include the following: a) Where the child requires protection from physical, sexual or emotional abuse; b) Where the child is being introduced or reintroduced into the life of a parent after a significant absence; c) Where there are substance abuse issues; or d) Where there are clinical issues involving the access parent.