The following excerpt is from Roth v. Jennings, 489 F.3d 499 (2nd Cir. 2007):
Thus, "the touchstone of a group within the meaning of Section 13(d) is that the members combined in furtherance of a common objective." Wellman v. Dickinson, 682 F.2d 355, 363 (2d Cir.1982) ("Wellman"), cert. denied, 460 U.S. 1069, 103 S.Ct. 1522, 75 L.Ed.2d 946 (1983). Although a common purpose to acquire control of the issuing company would be an indicium of collective action within the meaning of 13(d), it is not an essential.
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