The following excerpt is from Malkan v. Mutua, 17-228, 17-38 (2nd Cir. 2017):
Sanctions under Rule 11, 28 U.S.C. 1927, and the district court's inherent powers are reviewed for abuse of discretion. Gollomp v. Spitzer, 568 F.3d 355, 368 (2d Cir. 2009). "A district court has abused its discretion if it based its ruling on an erroneous view of the law or on a clearly erroneous assessment of the evidence, or rendered a decision that cannot be located within the range of permissible decisions." In re Sims, 534 F.3d 117, 132 (2d Cir. 2008) (internal punctuation and citations omitted).
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