The following excerpt is from U.S. v. Boeckman, 883 F.2d 1025 (9th Cir. 1989):
Nor did the district court abuse its discretion by refusing to exclude the evidence under Federal Rule of Evidence 403. The district court need not recite the Rule 403 formula if " 'it appears from the record as a whole that the trial judge adequately weighed the probative value and prejudicial effect of proffered evidence before its admission.' " United States v. Morris,
Page 1025
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