What is the test for qualified immunity for a defendant in a civil case?

believe that probable cause existed, or . . . officers of reasonable competence could disagree on whether the probable cause test was met." Kass, 864 F.3d at 206. The inquiry is "whether any reasonable officer, out of the wide range of reasonable people who enforce the laws in this country, could have determined that the challenged action was lawful." Figueroa v. Mazza, 825 F.3d 89, 100 (2d Cir. 2016). Thus, on review, a defendant is entitled qualified immunity as matter of law "if the evidence, viewed in the light most favorable to [the plaintiff], established that it was objectively reasonable for [the defendant] to believe he was justified in making the arrest." Provost, 262 F.3d at 160.