What is the test for "plain error" in a civil case?

but failed to object to it below, we review its imposition for plain error. See id. at 343. Under the plain error standard, Vietor bears the burden of showing: "(1) there is an error; (2) the error is clear or obvious, rather than subject to reasonable dispute; (3) the error affected [her] substantial rights, which in the ordinary case means it affected the outcome of the district court proceedings; and (4) the error seriously affects the fairness, integrity or public reputation of judicial proceedings." United States v. Marcus, 560 U.S. 258, 262 (2010). "[R]eversal for plain error should be used sparingly, solely in those circumstances in which a miscarriage of justice would otherwise result." United States v. Villafuerte, 502 F.3d 204, 209 (2d Cir. 2007).